Family Distichodontidae - Distichodus
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Order |
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Class |
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Actinopterygii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 17 | Species : 102 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : Yes |
Brackish : No |
Marine : No |
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Division |
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Primary freshwater |
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Aquarium |
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some |
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First Fossil Record |
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Remark |
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Distribution: Africa. Two different groups: one includes micropredators and herbivorous species with non-protractile jaws and variable body shape occuring from shallow to deep waters. the other one (sometimes referred to as Ichthyboridae) includes carnivorous species (on fins or entire fishes) with movable upper jaw and elongated body shapespecies.
The subfamily Distichodontinae in FoW1994 (Nelson, 1994: Ref. 7463) was raised to the family level in FoW2006 (Nelson, 2006: Ref. 58010). |
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Etymology |
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Greek, di = two + Greek, stix, stichos = line, row (Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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mixed |
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Typical activity level |
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Coordinator |
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Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Otomorpha | Ostariophysi | Otophysa | Characiphysae | Characiformes | Citharinoidei | Distichodontidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Distichodus nefasch (Bonnaterre, 1788) | accepted | senior | new | |
Salmo nefasch Bonnaterre, 1788 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Salmo niloticus Hasselquist, 1762 | synonym | other | original | 2 |
Distichodus niloticus (Hasselquist, 1762) | ambiguous | other | new | |
Salmo aegyptius Gmelin, 1789 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Distichodus rudolphi Günther, 1896 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Characinus nefasch (non Bonnaterre, 1788) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Citharinus nefasch (non Bonnaterre, 1788) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Distichodus mossambicus Peters, 1852 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus macrolepis Günther, 1864 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Distichodus schenga Peters, 1852 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Distichodus shenga Peters, 1852 | synonym | senior | original | |
Distichodus brevipinnis Günther, 1864 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus engycephalus Günther, 1864 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus touteei Pellegrin, 1906 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Distichodus rostratus Günther, 1864 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus martini Steindachner, 1870 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Salmo niloticus (non Hasselquist, 1762) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Salmo aegyptius (non Gmelin, 1789) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Characinus nefasch (non Valenciennes, 1850) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Citharinus nefasch (non Valenciennes, 1850) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Distichodus nefasch (non Valenciennes, 1850) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Distichodus engycephalus (non Günther, 1864) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Distichodus notospilus Günther, 1867 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus affinis Günther, 1873 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Distichodura affine (Günther, 1873) | synonym | senior | new | |
Distichodus abbreviatus Peters, 1877 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Distichodus antonii Schilthuis, 1891 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus lusosso Schilthuis, 1891 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Distichodus lusoso Schilthuis, 1891 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Distichodus lussosso Schilthuis, 1891 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Distichodus lussusso Schilthuis, 1891 | synonym | senior | original | |
Distichodus leptorhynchus Boulenger, 1897 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Distichodus fasciatus Vaillant, 1886 | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Distichodus petersii Pfeffer, 1896 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus albini Steindachner, 1914 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Distichodus sexfasciatus Boulenger, 1897 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus tanganicae Worthington & Ricardo, 1937 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Distichodus atroventralis Boulenger, 1898 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus fasciolatus Boulenger, 1898 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Distichodus fasciatus Boulenger, 1898 | synonym | senior | original | |
Distichodus martini Schilthuis, 1891 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
Distichodus maculatus Boulenger, 1898 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Distichodus maculates Boulenger, 1898 | synonym | senior | original | |
Distichodus altus Boulenger, 1899 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus noboli Boulenger, 1899 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus hypostomatus Pellegrin, 1900 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus hypostomatus Vaillant, 1886 | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Distichodus langi Nichols & Griscom, 1917 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus rufigiensis Norman, 1922 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus decemmaculatus Pellegrin, 1926 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus kolleri Holly, 1926 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus vexillifer Pellegrin, 1927 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Distichodus teugelsi Mamonekene & Vreven, 2008 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus decemmaculatus (non Pellegrin, 1926) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Ichthyborus besse (Joannis, 1835) | accepted | senior | new | |
Characinus besse Joannis, 1835 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Ichthyborus besse besse (Joannis, 1835) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Ichthyoborus besse (Joannis, 1835) | synonym | senior | new | |
Ichthyborus microlepis Günther, 1864 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Psalidostoma caudimaculatum Kner, 1864 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ichthyborus ornatus (Boulenger, 1899) | accepted | senior | new | |
Neoborus ornatus Boulenger, 1899 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Phagoborus ornatus (Boulenger, 1899) | synonym | senior | new | |
Ichthyborus taeniatus Vaillant, 1886 | ambiguous | other | original | 2 |
Ichthyborus quadrilineatus (Pellegrin, 1904) | accepted | senior | new | |
Neoborus quadrilineatus Pellegrin, 1904 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Phagoborus quadrilineatus (Pellegrin, 1904) | synonym | senior | new | |
Ichthyborus monodi (Pellegrin, 1927) | accepted | senior | new | |
Gavialocharax monodi Pellegrin, 1927 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Ichthyoborus monodi (Pellegrin, 1927) | synonym | senior | new | |
Ichthyborus congolensis Giltay, 1930 | accepted | senior | change in rank | |
Ichthyborus besse congolensis Giltay, 1930 | synonym | senior | original | 5 |
Phago loricatus Günther, 1865 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Phago rostratus Gunther, 1865 | synonym | senior | original | |
Phago maculatus Ahl, 1922 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Phago boulengeri Schilthuis, 1891 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Phago intermedius Boulenger, 1899 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Phago fulica Pellegrin, 1922 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax fasciatus Günther, 1867 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax seyboldi Schultz, 1942 | synonym | junior | original | 1 |
Nannocharax gobioides Roman, 1966 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax niloticus (Joannis, 1835) | accepted | senior | new | |
Coregonus niloticus Joannis, 1835 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax niloticus lateralis Werner, 1906 | synonym | junior | original | 1 |
Nannocharax elongatus Boulenger, 1900 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Nannochromis elongatus Boulenger, 1900 | synonym | senior | original | |
Nannocharax brevis Boulenger, 1902 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax taenia Boulenger, 1902 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax intermedius Boulenger, 1903 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax parvus Pellegrin, 1906 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax parvus maculata Pellegrin, 1924 | synonym | junior | original | 1 |
Nannocharax ocellicauda Boulenger, 1907 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hemigrammocharax ocellicauda (Boulenger, 1907) | synonym | senior | new | |
Thrissocharax ocellicauda (Boulenger, 1907) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Hemigrammonanocharax ocellicauda (Boulenger, 1907) | synonym | senior | new | |
Nannocharax ansorgii Boulenger, 1911 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Nannocharax ansorgei Boulenger, 1911 | synonym | senior | original | |
Hemigrammocharax polli Roman, 1966 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax parvus (non Pellegrin, 1906) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Nannocharax ogoensis Pellegrin, 1911 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax luapulae Boulenger, 1915 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax procatopus Boulenger, 1920 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax multifasciatus Boulenger, 1923 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hemigrammocharax multifasciatus (Boulenger, 1923) | synonym | senior | new | |
Distichodus stigmaturus Fowler, 1935 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Distichodina stigmaturus (Fowler, 1935) | synonym | junior | new | |
Nannocharax macropterus Pellegrin, 1926 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax uniocellatus (Pellegrin, 1926) | accepted | senior | new | |
Microdistichodus uniocellatus Pellegrin, 1926 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Hemigrammocharax uniocellatus (Pellegrin, 1926) | synonym | senior | new | |
Nannocharax fasciolaris Nichols & Boulton, 1927 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax altus Pellegrin, 1930 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax minutus Worthington, 1933 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hemigrammocharax minutus (Worthington, 1933) | synonym | senior | new | |
Nannocharax wittei (Poll, 1933) | accepted | senior | new | |
Hemigrammocharax wittei Poll, 1933 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Nannocharax hollyi Fowler, 1936 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax micros Fowler, 1936 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax monardi (Pellegrin, 1936) | accepted | senior | new | |
Hemigrammocharax monardi Pellegrin, 1936 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Nannocharax pteron Fowler, 1936 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Lepinannocharax pteron (Fowler, 1936) | synonym | senior | new | |
Nannocharax gracilis Poll, 1939 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax macropterus (non Pellegrin, 1926) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Nannocharax schoutedeni Poll, 1939 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax occidentalis Daget, 1959 | accepted | senior | change in rank | |
Nannocharax niloticus occidentalis Daget, 1959 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Nannocharax niloticus gracilis Daget, 1954 | ambiguous | homonym | original | 2 |
Nannocharax niloticus tchadensis Blache & Milton, 1961 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Nannocharax lineomaculatus Blache & Miton, 1960 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax niloticus gracilis Daget, 1954 | ambiguous | homonym | original | 2 |
Nannocharax niloticus tchadensis Blache & Miton, 1961 | ambiguous | other | original | 2 |
Nannocharax angolensis (Poll, 1967) | accepted | senior | new | |
Hemigrammocharax angolensis Poll, 1967 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Nannocharax lineostriatus (Poll, 1967) | accepted | senior | new | |
Hemigrammocharax lineostriatus Poll, 1967 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
Nannocharax machadoi (Poll, 1967) | accepted | senior | new | |
Hemigrammocharax machadoi Poll, 1967 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
! Hemigrammocharax monodi Poll, 1967 | synonym | senior | original | |
Nannocharax maculicauda Vari & Géry, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax latifasciatus Coenen & Teugels, 1989 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax rubrolabiatus Van den Bergh, Teugels, Coenen & Ollevier, 1995 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax reidi Vari & Ferraris, 2004 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax usongo Dunz & Schliewen, 2009 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax zebra Dunz & Schliewen, 2009 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax signifer Moritz, 2010 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax rubensteini (Jerep & Vari, 2013) | accepted | senior | new | |
Hemigrammocharax rubensteini Jerep & Vari, 2013 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax dageti Jerep, Vari & Vreven, 2014 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax macropterus (non Pellegrin, 1926) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Nannocharax hastatus Jerep & Vari, 2014 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hemigrammocharax ocellicauda (non Boulenger, 1907) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Xenocharax spilurus Günther, 1867 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Xenocharax crassus Pellegrin, 1900 | accepted | senior | original | |
Xenocharax spilurus (non Günther, 1867) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Nannaethiops unitaeniatus Günther, 1872 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannaethiops bleheri Géry & Zarske, 2003 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Monostichodus elongatus Vaillant, 1886 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hemistichodus vaillanti Pellegrin, 1900 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner, 1894 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannaethiops unifasciatus (Steindachner, 1894) | synonym | senior | new | |
Neolebias univittatus Boulenger, 1899 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Nannaethiops angustolinea Nichols, 1923 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Nannocharax shariensis Fowler, 1949 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Nannaethiops unitaeniatus (non Günther, 1872) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Neolebias trilineatus Boulenger, 1899 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannaethiops tritaeniatus Boulenger, 1913 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Neolebias tritaeniatus (Boulenger, 1913) | synonym | junior | new | |
Neolebias ansorgii Boulenger, 1912 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Neolebias ansorgei Boulenger, 1912 | synonym | senior | original | |
Neolebias landgrafi Ahl, 1928 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Nannaethiops geisleri Hoedeman, 1956 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Neolebias spilotaenia Boulenger, 1912 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Congocharax spilotaenia (Boulenger, 1912) | synonym | senior | new | |
Neolebias axelrodi Poll & Gosse, 1963 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Neolebias philippei Poll & Gosse, 1963 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Neolebias trewavasae Poll & Gosse, 1963 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannaethiops unitaeniatus (non Günther, 1872) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Neolebias unifasciatus (non Steindachner, 1894) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Neolebias gossei (Poll & Lambert, 1964) | accepted | senior | new | |
Congocharax gossei Poll & Lambert, 1964 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Neolebias gracilis Matthes, 1964 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Nannaethiops gracilis (Matthes, 1964) | synonym | senior | new | |
Neolebias kerguennae Daget, 1980 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Neolebias powelli Teugels & Roberts, 1990 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Neolebias lozii Winemiller & Kelso-Winemiller, 1993 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Eugnathichthys eetveldii Boulenger, 1898 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Eugnathichthys intermedius Pappenheim, 1914 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Eugnathichthys macroterolepis Boulenger, 1899 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Eugnathichthys virgatus Stiassny, Denton & Monsembula Iyaba, 2013 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Paraphago rostratus Boulenger, 1899 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Mesoborus crocodilus Pellegrin, 1900 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Neoborus crocodilus Pellegrin, 1900 | synonym | senior | original | |
Champsoborus pellegrini Boulenger, 1909 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Mesoborus pellegrini (Boulenger, 1909) | synonym | junior | new | |
Microstomatichthyoborus bashforddeani Nichols & Griscom, 1917 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Microstomatichthyoborus bashfordeani Nichols & Griscom, 1917 | synonym | senior | original | |
Tristichodus christyi Boulenger, 1920 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Microstomatichthyoborus katangae David & Poll, 1937 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Paradistichodus dimidiatus (Pellegrin, 1904) | accepted | senior | new | |
Nannocharax dimidiatus Pellegrin, 1904 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Distichodus ansorgii Boulenger, 1911 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
! Distichodus ansorgei Boulenger, 1911 | synonym | junior | original | |
Paradistichodus elegans Pellegrin, 1922 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Paradistichodus dimidiatus elegans Pellegrin, 1922 | synonym | junior | change in rank | |
Belonophago hutsebouti Giltay, 1929 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Belonophago hutsebauti Giltay, 1929 | synonym | senior | original | |
Belonophago tinanti Poll, 1939 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Congocharax olbrechtsi (Poll, 1954) | accepted | senior | new | |
Hemigrammocharax olbrechtsi Poll, 1954 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Neolebias olbrechtsi (Poll, 1954) | synonym | senior | new | |
Dundocharax bidentatus Poll, 1967 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Neolebias bidentatus (Poll, 1967) | synonym | senior | new | |
Monotaxinae | ||||
Monostichodus mesmaekersi (Poll, 1959) | accepted | senior | new | |
Hemistichodus mesmaekersi Poll, 1959 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hemitichodus vaillanti (non Pellegrin, 1900) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Monostichodus lootensi (Poll & Daget, 1968) | accepted | senior | new | |
Hemistichodus lootensi Poll & Daget, 1968 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hemistichodus mesmaekersi (non Poll, 1959) | misapplied | misapplied | original |