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Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
البيئة / مناخ / المدى
البيئة
; بحري; مياه مخلوطة القاع; محيطية; نطاق العمق 10 - 183 m (Ref. 5951), usually ? - 37 m (Ref. 5951). Temperate, preferred 13°C (Ref. 107945); 45°N - 25°N, 81°W - 57°W
Northwest Atlantic: Maine (rarely Nova Scotia, Canada) to southern Florida, USA.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 28.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 94.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 7251); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 12.0 kg (Ref. 7251); العمر: 9 سنين (Ref. 52684)
Adults usually prefer hard sandy substrate where they can burrow; can exploit a broad range of lower and mid-estuary habitats including salt marsh creeks and seagrass beds, which usually have muddy or silty substrates , as well as sand flats (Ref. 26621). Occur in bays, lagoons and shallow coastal waters. Utilized fresh and frozen; can be steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Exported fresh to Japan for sashimi.
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00595 - 0.01605), b=3.17 (3.03 - 3.31), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.3 se; Based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
69278): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.77-0.84(?); assuming tm>=2; tmax=9).
عرضة للخطر (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100) .
