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Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Aulopiformes (Grinners) > Synodontidae (Lizardfishes) > Harpadontinae
Etymology: Harpadon: Greek, arpedon, -es = net, bow, knot (Ref. 45335).

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; brackish; benthopelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 50 - ? m (Ref. 9987). Tropical, preferred 28°C (Ref. 107945); 31°N - 12°S, 40°E - 153°E (Ref. 54462)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Somalia to Papua New Guinea, north to Japan and south to Indonesia.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ?, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3417); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 30573)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11-13; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 13 - 15. Scales restricted to posterior half of the body. Posterior tip of pectoral fin reaching origin of pelvic fin.

Inhabit deep water offshore on sandy mud bottom for most of the year, but also gathers in large shoals in deltas of rivers to feed during monsoons (Ref. 9987, 11230). Spawn 6 batches of broods per year (Ref. 43449). An aggressive predator (Ref. 9987). Primarily caught along Maharashtra with the bag-net, better known as 'dol' net. Operation of this gear is timed to a strong tidal current. The bag with the mouth set against the current strains the fish which is being retained therein by the strength of the current. The net is thus retrieved before the tide turns. Very phosphorescent. Excellent food fish. Marketed fresh and dried or salted; consumed pan-fried (Ref. 9987).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1984. Harpadontidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 2. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3417)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Not Evaluated

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial

FAO(fisheries: production, species profile; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us

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Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00331 (0.00202 - 0.00544), b=3.02 (2.87 - 3.17), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 4.2 ±0.73 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.18-0.7).

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822)